Colfax was officially incorporated on November 29, 1873. In 1889–90, the town vied with several other finalists to become the site of a new state agricultural college, present-day Washington State University. The honor ultimately fell to nearby Pullman, 15 mi southeast.

The early history of Colfax was marred by prominent lynchings in 1894 and 1898. The city incurred

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