each year with the new white bark contrasting with the orange to yellow new bark contrasts against the recently exposed white bark. The bark becomes increasingly granulated with age. The bark is rich in tannins.

The stems and branchlets are round in cross section, the branchlets have no oil glands in the pith.

The leaves on young plants and on coppice regrowth are arranged in opposite pairs, broadly egg-shaped to almost round, paler on the lower surface, 50-155 mm

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