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Ilkhanate. It was besieged by Timur in 1400 and the Aq Qoyunlu in 1420. The Dulkadirid-controlled city fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1516 sometime before the Battle of Marj Dabiq.

At the end of 2025, Gaziantep province was home to 2,222,415 inhabitants, of whom around 1.9 million lived in the urban area. It is the fifth-most populous city in Turkey.

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