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"mother". It is used as "madam" or "Ms." would be in English. If addressing a man whose name is unknown, one uses Bapak and if addressing a woman whose name is unknown, one uses Ibu.

A very formal way to address an older person or a person of higher status is Tuan or Nyonya, which mean "mister" or "madam".

An informal way to address a significantly older person is to use Om, Paman, Bibi, or Tante, which mean "uncle" and "aunt". The terms are Dutch-influenced and quite commonly used in the big cities.

Local honorifics continue

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