authorities, and to arbitrate disputes. Holy Roman Emperors renounced the right to choose the Pope.

In the meantime, there was also a brief but significant investiture struggle between Pope Paschal II and King Henry I of England from 1103 to 1107. The earlier resolution to that conflict, the Concordat of London, was very similar to the Concordat of Worms.

Background

Practical Problems

After the decline of the Western Roman Empire,

1.Previous
3.Next