in Tordesillas under the orders of her father, who ruled as regent until his death in 1516, when she inherited his kingdom as well. Her son Charles I became king, and during his reign Joanna was nominally co-monarch but remained confined until her death. Joanna died aged 75 in 1555. Historians have debated the authenticity of her alleged madness, and whether or not it was used to discredit her.

Early life

Joanna was born on 6 November

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