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is allowed to solidify under vacuum. It is often remelted to remove inclusions and ensure uniformity. These melting steps add to the cost of the product. Titanium is about six times as expensive as stainless steel: Potter noted in 2023 that "Titanium is just fundamentally difficult and expensive to deal with. Turning titanium ingots into bars and sheets is a challenge due to titanium's reactivity: it readily absorbs impurities, requiring "frequent surface removal and trimming to eliminate surface defects" which

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