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as overlord of the rest of Ireland. However, in 1177 Henry made his son John "Lord of Ireland" and encouraged his subordinates to conquer more land. Thereafter, the kings of England claimed lordship over the whole island, but in reality the king's rule only ever extended to parts of the island. The rest of Ireland - later referred to as Gaelic Ireland - remained under the control of various Gaelic Irish kingdoms or chiefdoms,

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