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Mass customization was anticipated by Alvin Toffler in 1970, and published in Future Shock; the term was later coined by Stan Davis in 1987, in Future Perfect. Joseph Pine II developed the concept further in his 1993 book, Mass Customization - The New Frontier in Business Competition. It was defined by as "producing goods and services to meet individual customers' needs with near mass production efficiency". concurred, calling it "a strategy that creates value by some form of company-customer interaction

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