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with precocial, as all nidifugous species are precocial. Similarly, all altricial animals are nidicolous by necessity.

However, not all precocial birds leave the nest; some may stay at the nest even if they are precocial and fully capable of leaving if needed. These species are thus considered nidicolous rather than nidifugous. Examples of precocious but nidicolous species include many gulls and terns.