policy, even though Curzon stressed it would produce administrative efficiency. The partition animated the Muslims to form their own national organization along communal lines. To appease Bengali sentiment and in response to the Swadeshi movement's riots in protest against the policy, Bengal was reunited by the British government in 1911.

The Bengal Presidency encompassed Bengal, Bihar, parts of present-day Chhattisgarh, Orissa, and Assam. With a population of 78.5 million, it was British India's