to as the subclass Dicotyledons into two tribes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. In the gymnosperms (or Gymnospermae) Lindley included two orders, the Cycadeae and the Coniferae. In his final work (1853) he described Gymnogens as a class with four orders;
* Cycadeaceae (cycads)
* Pinaceae (conifers)
* Taxaceae (taxads)
* Gnetaceae

In contrast, Bentham and Hooker (1880) included only three orders