as a virtue which can be traced back to al-Hallaj. The temporal is the spiritual leader for the earth-bound saints. It is said that all beings - secret, animate, and inanimate - must give the their pledge which gives him great authority. The Only beings exempt from this are al-afrad, which belong to the angels; the djinn, who are under the jurisdiction of Khadir; and those who belong to the tenth stratum of ridjalal-ghayb.

Due to the nature of the , the location where