Kalakaua's reign died in the United States Senate.

Within a year of Kalakaua election, the treaty would become a reality, although the treaty was not supported by all Hawaiians. There were concerns over American ambitions to annex the islands, with many in the business community willing to cede the exclusive use of Pearl Harbor to the United States in exchange for the treaty. Part of Kalakaua's election platform, as "Hawaii for Hawaiians", had been to oppose