the world's 90 million palm trees. However, by 2002, more than 14 million of the palms had been wiped out by the combined factors of war, salt and pests; this count includes around 9 million palms in Iraq and 5 million in Iran. Many of the remaining 3-4 million trees are in poor health.

Naming

The river is also known in Iraq as the Dijla al-Awara (???? ???????) and in Iran as the Arvand Rud (, ).

The Persian epic poem Shahnameh (written between ) and many other works of

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