During the evolution of the subfamily, the C₄-photosynthesis pathway seems to have been derived from four independent origins: two times with Kranz C₄ anatomy in Suaeda section Salsina and Suaeda section Schoberia. Two independent origins of non-Kranz C₄ systems are found in Bienertia and Suaeda section Borszczowia. In these plants, the photosynthesis pathways are located without spatial separation in a "single cell C₄" type.

Systematics

According to phylogenetic research by Kapralov

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