<?xml version="1.0" encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
<wml>
<card id="card1" title="Toroidal coordinates - Page 4 - Wikipedia">
<p>
<a accesskey="1" href="page.php?w=Toroidal_coordinates&amp;p=3">1.Previous</a><br />
<a accesskey="3" href="page.php?w=Toroidal_coordinates&amp;p=5">3.Next</a>
</p>
<p>y, z) as follows.  The azimuthal angle  is given by the formula</p>

<p>
:</p>

<p>The cylindrical radius  of the point P is given by</p>

<p>
:</p>

<p>and its distances to the foci in the plane defined by  is given by </p>

<p>
:</p>

<p>
:</p>

<p><a href="page.php?w=Image%3ABipolar_coordinates.svg">thumb</a>The coordinate  equals the <a href="page.php?w=natural_logarithm">natural logarithm</a> of the focal distances</p>

<p>
:</p>

<p>whereas  equals the angle between the rays to the foci, which may be determined from the <a href="page.php?w=law_of_cosines">law of cosines</a></p><p>
<a accesskey="1" href="page.php?w=Toroidal_coordinates&amp;p=3">1.Previous</a><br />
<a accesskey="3" href="page.php?w=Toroidal_coordinates&amp;p=5">3.Next</a>
</p>

<do type="prev" label="Search">
        <go href="search.wml"/>
</do>

</card>
</wml>
