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In Genghis Khan's military system, a tumen was recursively built from units of 10 (aravt), 100 (zuut) and 1000 (mingghan), each with a leader reporting to the next higher level. Tumens were considered a practical size, neither too small for an effective campaign nor too big for efficient transport and supply. The military strategy was based on using tumens as a useful building block for shock assaults. A Mongol army usually consisted of three tumen, but armies consisting of only one tumen were also deployed.

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