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around 40,000 - 50,000 men, sacked the town and pillaged the region in 1113. Alexios fought the Turks in the vicinity, and in 1130, his successor John II Komnenos (r. 1118-43) built there a great fortress which became the base of his campaigns against the Turkish Sultanate of Rum. During the same period, Lopadion is attested as an archbishopric. In 1147, the French and German contingents participating in the Second Crusade

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