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until the latter 2nd century, likely sometime after Valentinus's death. The rapid growth of the Valentinian Gnostic movement--named eponymously after Valentinus--after his death prompted early Christian thought leaders, such as Irenaeus and later Hippolytus of Rome, to write apologetic works against Valentinus and Valentinianism, which conflicted with proto-orthodox theology. Because the proto-orthodox camp's leadership encouraged the destruction of Gnostic texts

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