paste is variable and the state of chemically and physically bound water in its structure is not transparent, which is why "-" is used between C, S, and H.

Synthetic C-S-H can be prepared from the reaction of CaO and SiO₂ in water or through the double precipitation method using various salts. These methods provide the flexibility of producing C-S-H at specific C/S (Ca/Si, or CaO/SiO₂) ratios. The C-S-H from cement phases can also be treated with an ammonium nitrate solution