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physical memory. Entries in the memory management unit include a bit that indicates whether a page is valid or invalid. A valid page is one that currently resides in main memory. An invalid page is one that currently resides in secondary memory. When a process tries to access a page, the following steps are generally followed:
* Attempt to access page.
* If page is valid (in memory) then continue processing instruction as normal.
* If page is invalid then a page-fault trap occurs.

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