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<p>analysis of <a href="page.php?w=capital_market">capital market</a> values, Hogan and Warren demonstrated that 'the fundamental structure of the "capital-asset pricing model is retained when standard semideviation is substituted for standard deviation to measure portfolio risk."' This shows that the CAPM can be modified by incorporating <a href="page.php?w=downside_beta">downside beta</a>, which measures downside risk, in place of regular <a href="page.php?w=Beta_%28finance%29">beta</a> to correctly reflect what people perceive as risk. Since</p><p>
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