within the shaft of the projectile that drastically increases its length.

Predatory ciliates in the classes Prostomatea and Litostomatea have a type of extrusome called a toxicyst. As their name suggests, when extruded, the toxicyst will release toxic material to inhibit the ciliate's prey. Haptocysts are found in the class Phyllopharyngea and are found at the tips of feeding tentacles. Prey caught by the tentacles will