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concepts A and B, A is a "generalization" of B (equiv., B is a special case of A) if and only if both of the following hold:

* Every instance of concept B is also an instance of concept A.
* There are instances of concept A which are not instances of concept B.

For example, the concept animal is a generalization of the concept bird, since every bird is an animal, but not all animals are birds (dogs, for instance). For more, see Specialisation (biology).

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