(Hywel), did not acquire the suffix "-s". In some other cases, the suffix was affixed to the surname much later, in the 18th or 19th century. Likewise, in some cases, the "ap" coalesced into the name in some form, as in Bevan (ab Evan), Broderick (ab Rhydderch), Price (ap Rhys), Powell (ap Hywel; Hywel itself was anglicized to Howell), and Upjohn (ap John).

Similarly, last names or surnames were not set in Russia, but patronymic and based on a father's first name: Peter's children might be Jan