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5.8 kcal/mol), a narrow barrier width (distance between geometries), and the low mass of hydrogen atoms, which combine to give a further 80-fold rate enhancement due to quantum tunnelling. In contrast, phosphine (PH₃) inverts very slowly at room temperature (energy barrier: 132 kJ/mol). Consequently, amines of the type RR´R´´N usually are not optically stable (enantiomers racemize rapidly at room temperature), but

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