of barbarians to reclaim his throne, becoming known as "Rhinotmetos" (? ?????u????, "the slit-nosed"), before replacing it with a golden replica. In Western Europe, Merovingian king Childebert II, following the customs of his Byzantine allies, condemned conspirators to rhinotomy, according to Gregory of Tours, and exposing them to ridicule.

In 1120, the Council of Nablus