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of under 120 beats per minute is abnormal. Generally, smaller species have higher and larger species lower rates.

Pathophysiology & etiology

thumb* Sinus bradycardia is commonly seen in normal healthy persons and athletes in the absence of pathophysiological diseases or conditions.
* Different factors or etiologies could lead to the dysfunction of the sinus node, causing a malformation or prolongation of the impulse.
* In terms of pathophysiological diseases,

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