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<p>electronics, sensors, and thermal control coatings.<br/>
* False commands. Discharge-induced electromagnetic signals that can trigger unintended system operations.<br/>
* Material degradation. Surface damage affects thermal properties and solar array efficiency.<br/>
* Scientific interference. Charged surfaces can distort measurements from plasma instruments.</p>

<p><big> Incidents </big></p>
<p>Incidents caused by spacecraft charging include the 2010 <a href="page.php?w=Galaxy_15">Galaxy 15</a> <a href="page.php?w=communications_satellite">communications satellite</a></p><p>
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