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<p>abstraction from low-level division into <a href="page.php?w=protocol_data_units">protocol data units</a>, and enabling higher-level protocols to operate transparently.</p>

<p>An alternative to virtual-circuit networks are <a href="page.php?w=datagram">datagram</a> networks.</p>

<p><big> History </big></p>
<p><a href="page.php?w=Paul_Baran">Paul Baran</a> introduced the concept of virtual circuits in 1962. The <a href="page.php?w=ARPANET">ARPANET</a> was what would come to be called a virtual circuit network, with the constraint that, for each connection,</p><p>
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