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in Istanbul. His mother was the Georgian consort Bezmiâlem Kadin.

Abdülmecid received a European education and was the first sultan to speak fluent French. Like Abdülaziz who succeeded him, he was interested in literature and classical music.

Reign

Oriental Crisis

When Abdülmecid acceded to the throne on 2 July 1839, he was only sixteen and inexperienced, and the affairs of the Ottoman Empire

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