classification system, is a method of classifying the magnetic field of active regions. It was first introduced in 1919 by George Ellery Hale and coworkers working at the Mount Wilson Observatory. It originally included only the ?, ?, and ? magnetic classifications, but it was later modified by H. Künzel in 1965 to include the ? qualifier.

Sunspots

The strong magnetic flux found in active regions is often strong enough to inhibit convection.

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