:Parmenides (510 - 440 BCE)
:Zeno of Elea (490 - 430 BCE)
:Melissus of Samos (c. 470 BCE - ?)
* Pluralists
:Empedocles (490 - 430 BCE)
:Anaxagoras (500 - 428 BCE)
* Atomists
:Leucippus (first half of 5th century BCE)