to this historical narrative include Philo of Alexandria (1st century), Philostratus (2nd-3rd centuries), Hippolytus of Rome (2nd-3rd centuries), and others. The recognition of pre-Mashtots Armenian writing as a scholarly concept emerged as early as the 1830s.

Within the medieval Armenian context, discussions on pre-Christian writing persisted. In the late 13th century, Vardan Areveltsi