habitats. The brown-headed cowbird, a native brood parasite, is much more pervasive in smaller forested areas. This shift in habitat has made the wood thrush and other woodland songbirds further susceptible to parasitism, reducing their populations.

Exploitation

Exploitative behavior, such as egg collection and hunting (e.g., for feathers, meat, taxidermy, etc.), is also linked to extinction and species decline.

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