Paracatenula use chemoautotrophic bacterial symbionts that live inside their cells as a food source.

Phylogeny

The monophyly of Catenulida is supported by molecular studies and by at least three synapomorphies: the unpaired protonephridium, the unpaired and anterodorsally located testis and the nonmobile sperm.

Although there are no known synapomorphies connecting Catenulida to other flatworms (Rhabditophora),

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