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western silver from the New World and valued goods from the Qing Empire Cohong merchant guilds therefore represented the primary link between the government of the Qing dynasty and the rest of the world. As Guangzhou represented the only official port of trade between the Qing trade network and European trading powers, the Cohong enjoyed a virtual monopoly over the trade with the west, and as such reaped the benefits of the Westerners' insatiable appetite for porcelain, silk, and

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