at UC Berkeley, dated October 27, 1944, regarding the recruitment of additional technical staff.The Oxford English Dictionary entry for debug uses the term debugging in reference to airplane engine testing in a 1945 article in the Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society. An article in "Airforce" (June 1945 p. 50) refers to debugging aircraft cameras.

The seminal article by Gill in 1951 is the earliest in-depth discussion of programming errors, but it does not use the term bug or