node to the other.

The excess function represents the net flow entering a given node (i.e. the sum of the flows entering ) and is defined byA node is said to be active if (i.e. the node consumes flow), deficient if (i.e. the node produces flow), or conserving if . In flow networks, the source is deficient, and the sink is active.Pseudo-flows, feasible flows, and pre-flows are all examples of flow functions.

:A pseudo-flow is a function of each edge in the network that satisfies the

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