tortoise (Testudo graeca) into subspecies is complex and sometimes inconsistent due to its extensive distribution across North Africa, Southern Europe, and Southwest Asia. Diverse environmental conditions across this range have resulted in a wide array of morphological variations. As of 2023, at least 20 subspecies have been described, with the following 12 currently recognized as valid:

* T. g. graeca - northern Africa, southern Spain
* T. g. soussensis - southern Morocco
* T. g. marokkensis - northern Morocco
* T.