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and prenasalized stops, there are clusters where the first element is a semivowel, as in /jla/ "hybrid of a yak and a cow".

Vowels

Japhug has eight vowel phonemes: , , , , , , and . The vowel is attested in only one native word ( "fish") and its derivatives, but appears in Chinese loanwords.

The mid-open unrounded vowels /?/ and /e/ are only marginally contrastive: /?/ does not occur in word- final open syllables except in unaccented clitics (like the additive n?), and /e/ only occurs

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