on the South American mainland and more distantly to the Taíno language of the Greater Antilles.

Modern scholars have proposed several hypotheses accounting for the prevalence of an Arawakan language among the Kalinago. Scholars such as Irving Rouse suggested that Caribs from South America conquered the Igneri but did not displace them, and took on their language over time. Others doubt there was an invasion at all. Sued Badillo proposed that Igneri living