and Hasanwayhids (or Hasanuyids, 959-1015) ruled in northern Iraq. The Kurdish Marwanid dynasty (983-1096) temporarily ruled over Mosul. The Ayyubid dynasty, was a powerful Islamic dynasty of Kurdish origin and also ruled northern Iraq.

Ottoman Conquest and Aftermath

In the 1500s, most Kurds came under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, where

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