into a town as decreed by the Spanish authorities. This may have started off as a mission village (which included present day Consolacion, Liloan and Poro) serving as a bulwark for the church in the northern Cebu and was managed by the Jesuit in 1638 then a century later by the Recollects. During the year 1818, Mandaue had tributes representing 2,729 native families and 20 Spanish-Filipino families.