clearing of land, and pesticide use. Because of the plant's graceful and ornamental appearance, harvesting of plants and seeds by growers has also seriously affected M. calocoma. Many populations are now protected in reserves.

Mutualism

The beetles Pharaxonotha esperanzae is in an obligatory mutualistic relationship with Microcycas calocoma, living and breeding in male cones and consuming pollen and cone tissues while serving as

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