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is a family of pinnipeds, known as "true seals". A study by Stirling (1983) indicated that the formation of large amounts of ice on coastlines approximately 15 million to 5 million years ago forced many early phocine seals to adapt their breeding and feeding behaviour due to their ice habitats. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ice seals are found in the Arctic and Antarctic. Breeding behaviour, specifically, the nursing of pups has been researched

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