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<p>of  and the <a href="page.php?w=quotient_ring">quotient ring</a>  is the <a href="page.php?w=field_with_two_elements">field with two elements</a>. Parity can then be defined as the unique <a href="page.php?w=ring_homomorphism">ring homomorphism</a> from  to  where odd numbers are 1 and even numbers are 0. The consequences of this homomorphism are covered below.</p>

<p><big> Properties </big></p>
<p>The following laws can be verified using the properties of <a href="page.php?w=divisibility">divisibility</a>. They are a special case of rules in <a href="page.php?w=modular_arithmetic">modular arithmetic</a>,</p><p>
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