around 5 ka, both species coexisted, until the former was finally driven to extinction.

Holocene followed Pleistocene with a more homogeneous and humid climate, and the exclusive presence of Homo sapiens. It includes Mesolithic ( 11.5 ka ago - 5.6 ka BC), Neolithic ( 5.6 - 3.2 ka BC) and the Metal Ages: Chalcolithic or Copper