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the boy, Richard, in his father's office. Under the influence of Count Arnulf I of Flanders, the king took him into Frankish territory to place him in the custody of the count of Ponthieu. However, the king reneged and seized the lands of the Duchy of Normandy. He then split up the duchy, giving its lands in lower Normandy to Hugh the Great. Louis IV thereafter kept Richard in close

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